Science is the systematic study of nature
Nature is living things and non-living things
Also science can be defined as
Is the systematic study of living things and non-living things.
Environment is living things and non-living things
Or
Environment is anything that surrounding us
Alternative definition of science
Science is the systematic study of environment.
A person who study science is called scientist
Science is divided into two main branches
i. Physical science
ii. Biological science
Physical science
Is the science which deals with the study of non-living things.
Includes physics, chemistry, mathematics, and geography.
Biological science
Is the science which deals with the study of living things.
Includes biology
ASSIGMENT 01
Mention all science subjects you know
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS
Physics comes from greek word physikos which means ‘natural’
• What is Physics?
Physics is the branch of Science which deals with matter in relation to energy.
OR
Physics is the study of relationship between matter and energy.
Matter is anything which occupies space and it has weight.
There are three state of matter
1. SOLID eg stone, tree, pen
2. LIQUID eg water, juice, milk
3. GAS eg oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen
Energy is the capacity or ability to do work.
EXAMPLES OF MATTERS AND ENERGY THEY PRODUCE
1. WATER produce electricity
2. SUN produce electricity
3. WIND produce electricity.
A person who studies Physics is called a Physicist.
Technology is the application of science.
Branches of Physics
Physics is divided into various branches such as;
i) Mechanics - This is the study of motion of bodies in the frame of reference.
ii) Optics - This is the study of physical properties of light.
iii) Atomic Physics -This is the study of atoms specifically the electrons and its properties.
iv) Electromagnetism - This is the study of electrical and magnetic fields as two aspects of the same phenomenon.
v) Geophysics - This is the study of physical properties of the earth.
vi) Astronomy/Astrophysics -This is the study of celestial bodies such as stars, galaxies, planets, e.t.c
vii) Electronics - This is the study of the flow of electrons in a circuit.
viii) Nuclear physics- This is the study of force structures and behaviour of atomic nucleus
ix) Biophysics- It deals with the study of biological phenomenal and problems using the concept of physics.
x) Thermodynamics- It deals with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work
xi) Acoustics- It deals with how sound is produced, transmitted ,received and controlled.
RELATION BETWEEN PHYSICS AND OTHER SUBJECTS
1. Chemistry- Devices used in studying Chemistry such as Bunsen burner and Centrifugal device are made from the application of Physics. The study of
Atomic Physics is also very useful in Chemistry.
2. Biology- Physics has simplified the study of living things. Those powerful microscopes used in studying Biology are made from the application of Physics. Different instruments for measuring blood pressure, body temperature, etc. are also made by using Physics laws.
3. Geography- Various devices used in Geography to study Weather and Climate are made from applications of Physics. Examples of these devices are Barometers, Thermometers and Wind vane, cameras and satellites have been useful in Survey.
4. Mathematics- Physics laws are usually simplified by using Mathematical expressions. Thus, Mathematics is the language used by Physicists to simplify its information and communication.
5. History- The study of radioactivity in Physics has enabled the use of Carbon 14 to determine dates in Historical excavation.
IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING PHYSICS
1. Knowledge expansion
The study of Physics expands our knowledge as follows
i. We learn about how different machines work .
ii. To understand how some natural phenomena such as earthquake, floods and winds occur.
iii. Answer many question eg why the sky is blue?
2. Carrier development
People who study Physics may further study to be doctors, engineers, computer scientists and many other carriers which require the knowledge of Physics.
3. Basis for most modern technology
Studying Physics gives a better understanding on a modern technology. Devices such as x-ray machines, gas cookers, refrigerators are made from the principles of Physics.
4. Enable us to enjoy since we study practically (Studying physics is fun)
5. Enable us to designing and manufacture different items. For Example, dry cell, simple machines, mobile phones e.t.c
APPLICATION OF PHYSICS IN DAILY LIFE
1. Communication- We use radio, television, telephone for communicating among us everyday. All Devices used in communication systems is results of concept of physics
2. Entertainment- We use music players, Dvd players, computer games, etc. for entertainment. Physics enable people to enjoy a variety of leisure activities as is evident in photography, digital appliances, exercise machines and other sport equipment.
3. Transportation- We use cars, airplanes, ships for travelling from one place to another place. All Vessels used in transportation is results of concept of physics
4. In medicine- We use various machines in hospitals for diagnosis and treatment e.g x-ray machine, ultra sound machine, thermometers, e.t.c
5.Agriculture- We use farm equipments such as tractors, harvester, sprinklers,
e.t.c
6. At home
They include
i. All tools and machinery: such as Crowbars, Hammers, door handles, cutlery, hinges, car jack, pulleys, tillage implements e.t.c made by knowledge of physics
ii. Electrical appliances: such as cooker, iron, heater, electric lamps, washing machine etc made by knowledge of physics
7. Source of energy
They include;
i. Batteries and generators provide electrical energy
ii. bulbs they provide light energy
iii. speaker gives us sound energy
8. Industry
Physicists have been able to come up with tools and process that have resulted in advanced technological equipment and new discoveries.
9. In schools
The instruments and apparatus used in school laboratories are made through the application of the knowledge and skill acquired in a Physics study.
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